Side effects of consuming too much magnesium

Magnesium is a vital mineral that the body requires. This is mineral plays a crucial role in supporting muscle health, heart rhythm, and bone strength. However, excessive intake, particularly through supplements, can lead to serious side effects. It is important to understand the importance of magnesium and the risks of overconsumption.

What is magnesium

Magnesium is an essential mineral that’s found naturally in many foods and in the human body. This mineral is involved in over 300 biochemical reactions in the body. It supports nerve function, muscle contraction, and energy production. Magnesium is vital for:

• protein synthesis
  
• healthy bone formation
  
• regulating blood pressure
  
• maintaining heart health
  
• energy production
  
• nerve function
  
• blood sugar control
  
• electrical conduction in the heart
  

What are the natural sources of magnesium

One can meet the daily magnesium needs by consuming a variety of magnesium-rich foods, such as:

• Leafy green vegetables (like spinach and kale)
  
• Nuts and seeds (such as almonds, cashews, and pumpkin seeds)
  
• Whole grains (including brown rice, quinoa, and oats)
  
• Legumes (like black beans, lentils, and chickpeas)
  
• Fruits (especially bananas and avocados)
  
• Dairy products
  
• Dark chocolate
  
• Fish (such as mackerel and salmon)
  

Healthy adult men should generally consume 400 to 420 milligrams (mg) of magnesium daily, and healthy adult women should consume 310 to 320 mg daily, according to the National Institutes of Health’s Office of Dietary Supplements. Pregnant women are often recommended to consume a higher dose.

What happens if you take too much magnesium

In healthy individuals, consuming high amounts of magnesium through food generally doesn’t pose a health risk, because the kidneys remove the excess magnesium through urine efficiently. However, the intake of large doses of magnesium via supplements or medications can often lead to undesired results. Taking large doses of magnesium-containing laxatives and antacids (typically providing more than 5,000 mg/day magnesium) can lead to magnesium toxicity. More serious risks of overconsumption of magnesium include electrolyte imbalances, which can disrupt heart rhythm. Magnesium competes with calcium and potassium, potentially causing irregular heartbeats. In rare cases, excessive magnesium can lead to a condition called hypermagnesemia, which is marked by dangerously high blood magnesium levels, especially in those with kidney issues. Symptoms include nausea, muscle weakness, and, in extreme cases, respiratory distress or cardiac arrest. Magnesium can also interfere with certain medications, like antibiotics and diuretics, and reduce their effectiveness. Magnesium overdose may lead to symptoms such as:

• diarrhea
  
• nausea and vomiting
  
• lethargy
  
• muscle weakness
  
• abnormal electrical conduction in the heart
  
• low blood pressure
  
• urine retention
  
• respiratory distress
  
• cardiac arrest
  

What to do

While magnesium is an essential nutrient, it is important to know that excess intake can lead to serious risks. To minimize risks, it is better to prioritize dietary magnesium sources over supplements. Foods like nuts, seeds, and greens can provide a balanced intake without overdose concerns. If you plan to take supplements, it is advised to talk to your doctor to avoid potential risks.
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